第一册词汇¶
目录
Lesson 1~4¶
基数词1-15 基数词和序数词
Lesson 5~6¶
- 不定冠词 a/an¶
Lesson 7~8¶
基数词 16-20 基数词和序数词
Lesson 9~10¶
基数词 21 22 基数词和序数词
Lesson 11~12¶
所有格名词和所有格代词，见 主格、宾格与所有格
Lesson 15~16¶
名词的复数形式
直接加s，以s结尾加es。
名词复数的发音规则
结尾发音为清辅音
（/s/ʃ/tʃ/除外），发/s/结尾发音为浊辅音
（/z/ʒ/dʒ/除外），发/z/结尾为上面除外的音，发
/ɪz/be动词的一般现在时形式，见 be的一般现在时形式
Lesson 21~22¶
人称代词的形式，见 主格、宾格与所有格
large 与 big，small 与 little
前者不带感情色彩，而后者代表一定的感情色彩。big 有厚重、大人物的意思，little 则表示小而可爱。
Lesson 29~30¶
must 是情态助动词，表示“必须”、“应当”，与have to相似，表示不可逃避的义务。在说话人看来，没有选择的余地。
must带有个人色彩，表示说话人的主观意图。
You must sweep the floor. （我认为扫地有必要）
Lesson 33~34¶
with 表示“和……在一起”，family表示“家庭成员”
Mr. Jones is with his family.
over 有穿过的意思，还可表示“在……上方（不接触表面）”
The aeroplane is flying over the river.
The sky is over our heads.
on 表示“在……上面（接触表面）”
There is a book on the table.
under 表示“在……下面或下方”
There is a dog under the tree.
ship 指海洋中行驶的大船，boat指江河中行驶的小船
aeroplane 为英式英语，airplane 为美式英语，均为正式用语。
plane 为非正式用语。
Lesson 35~36¶
of 介词，表示“……的”
This is a photograph of our village.
between 介词，表示“在……（两者）之间”
The village between two hills.
along 介词，表示“沿着”
along the banks of the river.
across 介词，表示“通过”某个平面
He is swimming across the river.
beside 介词，表示“在……旁边”
beside the pack
短语动词
指后面跟着一个介词或者副词短语的动词，即“动词+介词或副词”。在非正式场合以及惯用语中中，英语存在着用短语动词代替与其同意的单个动词的强烈趋势。
短语动词一般是短小和简单的动作词，连用的介词一般是表示位置和方向的介词。例如
along, down, off, on, out, over, under
一个短语动词本身可能有不同的意义。
Come in, please.（而不说Enter）
The cats are running along the wall. 猫正沿着墙跑。
It's getting dark, We must run alone. 天黑了，我们必须走了。
Lesson 39~40¶
in front of 在……前面
in the front of 在……前部
Lesson 41~42¶
对于没有扶手的椅子 chair ，使用介词 on
对于有扶手的椅子 armchair ，使用介词 in
sit on a chair
sit in an armchair
不可数名词
cheese, bread, soap, chocolate, milk, sugar, coffee, tea, tobacco
不可数名词没有复数形式，不能使用 a, an 来修饰。
若要表示“一些”的意思，肯定句使用 some， 否定句和疑问句使用 any。
Is there andy bread on the table?
There isn't any bread. there's some milk.
如果要表示“一块”、“一张”、“一条”等，需要加 a piede of 这类表示数量的短语。
a loaf of 一条
a loaf of bread 指西餐中用于切成片吃的面包
a bar of 一条
a bar of chocolate 指长条状的巧克力，一条巧克力
a bottle of 一瓶
a pound of 一磅
Lesson 43~44¶
behind 介词 与 in front of 互为反义词
Lesson 45~46¶
a minute 时间状语，表示“一会儿”、“片刻”
Lesson 47~48¶
black 在有些搭配中不译为 黑色
black coffee 不加牛奶或者糖的清咖啡
black tea 红茶
white coffee 家牛奶的咖啡
序数词 1st ~ 12th 见:doc:number-and-ordinal
Lesson 49~50¶
序数词 13th ~ 24th 见 基数词和序数词
too 和 either
too adv 也，还
常用于肯定句，有时也用于疑问句，但不能用于否定句。
常见于句末，too前有逗号；
若不在句末，too前后都应有逗号。
I like lamb, too. Can I come, too? I, too, have been to shanghai.
either adv 也，而且
一般用于否定句，位于句末，前面通常有逗号
He doesn't like the house, and I don't like it, either.
If you do not go, I shall not go, either.
I haven't seen the film and my sister hasn't either.
Lesson 53~54¶
in the North = in the north of England.
North首字母大写，特指应该的北方。
表示一个国家或地区方位的词一般要大写，例如：
in the East
in the West
in the South
但是，仅仅表示方位意义的方位词不需要大写，例如：
a north wind
a south windows
like ( verb ) and like ( preposition )
动词 like 表示 喜欢、想要
介词 like 表示 像……一样
His car is like mine.
She is very like her sister.
Lesson 59~60¶
writing paper
paper 意味“纸”、“纸张”的时候是不可数名词， 一张纸应该是 a sheet of paper 或 a piece of paper.
a bottle of glue
a box of chalk
a bottle of ink
Lesson 61~62¶
fell 和 look都是系动词，和be一样，后面可以跟形容词。
fell ill
look ill
for 引出一段时间，表示某个动作持续多长时间
for a week
for two hours each day
发烧
have a temperature
服用（吃）一片阿司匹林
take an aspirin
have an aspirin
Lesson 63~64¶
玩东西
play with...
搞出声响
make a noise
noise是抽象名词。 抽象名词是不可数的，前面加不定冠词a并不意味着1、2、3、4等数目， 只是赋予了那个名词具体的含义，比如一次、一种、一例、一番等等。
have a rest
take a look at 看...一眼
out of 是介词短语，与in或者 into相对，表示“离开”、“脱离”。
keep 和 remain
keep 保持状态、保持；保存；保留；保守；储藏；保管
Keep the room warm.
He would not be able to keep his job.
Please keep the secret.
remain 留下；停留；保持不变
You world better remain at home.
It will remain cold for a couple of days.
Lesson 65~66¶
由 every, this, next 开头的时间状语前面通常不加介词
this evening
next afternoon
dad 和 mum 前面如果没有所有格代词或名词所有格做修饰，特指自己的父母亲，要大写。father 和 mather 也是如此。
I'm going to meet some friends, Dad.
Lesson 67~68¶
表示店铺、住宅、公共机构和建筑以及教堂的名字或者某人家的时候，名词所有格后面常不出现它所修饰的名词。
at the butcher's = at the butcher's shop
the greengrocer's (shop)
the hairdresser's (shop)
the stationer's
the doctor's (office)
my mother's (house)
St. Paul's (Church)
country
表示“农村”的时候，前面一定要加定冠词 the
the country = the contryside
country 国家；国土；故乡；乡下；乡村；乡下的；乡村风味的
China is a country with a large population.
His mother has always wanted to live in the country.
I prefer country life to life in the city.
Lesson 69~70¶
数以百计的，表示不确定数量的复数形式。同样还有数以千计的，数以万计的
hundreds of ...
thousands of ...
millions of ...
在明确数量的时候，hundred, thousand, million不加 -s 。
five hundred
six thousand
two million
这里的at是“出席，在某场合”之意
at the race 观看比赛
在表示编了号的东西时，可以用基数词表示顺序
car number fifteen
Lesson 67
Page 2
Bus no. 332
Question 10
在… 的途中
on the way home
at 介词表示地点
at the bus-stop
at the railway station
at the butcher's
at school
at the office
at home
用介词 at, on, in 的时间短语
at 时间短语，见 介词 at 的时间短语
on 介词用于周和月份中的任何一天，见 介词 on 的时间短语
in 时间短语，见 介词 in 的时间短语
Lesson 73~74¶
不规则动词的过去式
go – went
see – saw
understand – understood
take – took
read – read/red
drink – drank
run – ran
know – knew
say – said
put – put
cut – cut
eat – eat
meet – met
come – came
lose – lost
tell – told
speak – spoke
find – found
give – gave
swin – swam
have – had
Lesson 75~76¶
一般过去式的时间短语
last + 过去时间
last week/month/year/nignt
一段时间 + ago
two minutes/hours/days/weeks/monthes/years ago
in + 过去某年
过去时间 + 限定词
yeasterday, yeasterday morning, yesterday evening
before + last
the week before last, the day before yesterday, the night before last
Lesson 79~80¶
参见： some 和 any
- not at all¶
at all 用在否定句中，表示“丝毫”、“一点”、“根本”的意思，有强调作用。
We haven’t got any meat at all
- need¶
need 表示“需要，必须”。佐助动词多用于疑问句和否定句：
Need I make an appointment?
You need not hurry.
need 也可以作为实意动词使用，需要人称，数和石台上的变化。疑问句中也需要用助动词 do。例如：
We need a lot of things this week.
He needs some money.
Do you need andy sugar?
What do they need this week?
- 完全动词 have¶
dont’s have = haven’t got
We haven't got much tea or coffee.
We don't have got much tea or coffee.
Lesson 81~82¶
- 完全动词 have¶
have 可以替代常用动词，表示 eat/enjoy/experience/drink/take 等含义。
此时的 have 是行为动词，所以和动作有关，而不表示“具有”状态，因此，此时它可以用于各种时态。
Do you have milk in your tea?
He's having a bath.
We had lunch together today.
Lesson 85~86¶
- never 和 ever¶
never 表示“从无”，“从未”，有强调的含义。 ever 常常用于否定句、疑问句以及表示条件的从句中表示“以往任何时候”，“曾经”、“在任何时候”、“从来”这类意思。
Lesson 87~88¶
- 不规则动词¶
一般时 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
buy |
bought |
bought |
find |
found |
found |
get |
got |
got |
have |
had |
had |
hear |
heard |
heard |
leave |
left |
left |
lose |
lost |
lost |
make |
made |
made |
send |
sent |
sent |
meet |
met |
met |
sweep |
swept |
swept |
tell |
told |
told |
Lesson 89~90¶
- 不规则动词¶
一般式 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
cut |
cut |
cut |
put |
put |
put |
read |
read |
read |
set |
set |
set |
shut |
shut |
shut |
do |
did |
done |
come |
came |
come |
give |
gave |
given |
swim |
swam |
swum |
take |
took |
taken |
eat |
ate |
eaten |
go |
went |
gone |
rise |
rose |
risen |
see |
saw |
seen |
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
Lesson 97~98¶
所有格形容词和所有格代词。所有格形容词是限定词，放在名词前与名词构成名词短语，在句中做定语。所有格代词后面不能加名词，在句中做主语、宾语、表语用。
pence - penny 的复数形式
It's got a zip. 中的 it's = it has 而非 it is
Lesson 103~104¶
paper 当做“试卷”讲的时候，是可数名词。
Lesson 109~110¶
- 形容词的比较级和最高级¶
不规则形容词
good - better - best
bad - worse - worst
many/much - more - most
little - less - least
far - farther - farthest
far - further - furthest
Lesson 113~114¶
change 既可以作为动词使用，取“兑换”之意，也可以作为名词使用，取“零钱”之意。
Lesson 117~118¶
- 寻找¶
look for 强调动作过程
find 强调寻找的结果
later that morning 那天上午的晚些时候
- 不规则动词¶
一般式 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
ring |
rang |
rung |
Lesson 133~134¶
make 可以表示 “做出某种举动”，意义根据宾语决定。
Have you just made a new film, Miss Marsh?
make another (film)
Lesson 141~142¶
我那 4 岁的女儿
My four-year-old daughter
名词和连字符构成了一个复合词，不使用复数形式。
一位中年女士
a middle-aged lady
拿出
take out
化妆
make up her face
收拾好
put away
- ago 和 before¶
ago 用在过去时的句子里，before 用在完成时的句子里。
She had never travelled on a train before.
Lesson 143~144¶
覆盖着
was covered with
环绕着
is surrounded by
数以百计的人
hundreds of people
去散步 :;
go for a walk