=====================
主格、宾格与所有格
=====================

所有格名词和所有格代词
============================

两者都表示所有，用以回答whose引导的问句。

所有格形容词必须放于名词之前，只能做定语。

所有格代词不能用在名词之前，单复数一致。

名词的所有格可以在词尾加上 ``'s`` 构成，可做定于和表语。

+--------------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+------+-----------+------------+
| 人称代词主格 | I      | you      | he      | she     | it     | one  | we        | the        |
+--------------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+------+-----------+------------+
| 人称代词宾格 | me     | you      | him     | her     | it     | one  | our       | them       |
+--------------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+------+-----------+------------+
| 复数形式     |        |          |         |         |        | ones |           |            |
+--------------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+------+-----------+------------+
| 所有格形容词 | my     | your     | his     | her     | its    |      | our       | their      |
+--------------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+------+-----------+------------+
| 所有格代词   | mine   | yours    | his     | hers    |        |      | ours      | theirs     |
+--------------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+------+-----------+------------+
| 反身代词     | myself | yourself | himself | herself | itself |      | ourselves | htemselves |
+--------------+--------+----------+---------+---------+--------+------+-----------+------------+

.. _the-double-genitive:

双重所有格
===========================

``'s`` 的所有格也可以用于 ``of`` 结构之后。

例如： ``a friend of my father's`` 意思是我父亲许多朋友之一。

双重所有格的原因是一个名词前面通常只有一个限定词。不能用 ``a`` 和 ``my`` 来同时修饰 friend。

``He is a friend of mine.`` 比 ``He is my friend.`` 更加常用。后者含有 “他是我的一个特殊的朋友” 之意。

.. _the-rule-of-genitive-nouns:

名词所有格规则
===================

1. 单数名词以及不以 ``s`` 结尾的人名后加 ``'s`` ::

    a child's words.
    Tom's new job.

2. 以 ``s`` 结尾的单数名词后面加 ``'s`` ::

    a waitress's job

3. 规则复数名词之后直接加 ``'`` ::

    boys' school

4. and 连接的两个人名，在第二个人名上加 ``'s`` ::

    John and Mary's child.

5. 另一种双重所有格用法 ::

    My brother's neighbour's sister is a nurse.

6. 以 ``s`` 结尾的人名后面应该加上 ``'s``，也可以只加 ``'`` ::

    Mr. Jones'/Jones's car.

7. 有些无生命的物体后面也可以用所有格，例如与时间有关的 ::

    a day's work 一天的工作
    a month's salary 一个月的薪水
    a week or two's time 一两周时间

8. 表示值多少钱可以用所有格 ::

    tow pounds' worth of bread 两英镑的面包